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Ten years ago, we wrote an article entitled Marking Your Manager, which has proven particularly popular with our charity clients.

Since then, we have regularly updated the article, but the most important considerations remain the same: how to measure performance; judging strategic and tactical investment skills; ethical and ESG credentials and how to avoid ’greenwashing’, together with a variety of features that might lead to a successful appointment.

This article discusses the service element of our role: what should you expect when it comes to reporting on the progress of your investments? What should a report contain? What non-generic material is it reasonable to ask for? How often should you meet your manager and what should you discuss? We consider these points from both sides of the table: members of Sarasin & Partners attend more than 700 meetings per annum and produce over 12,000 quarterly reports. Just as importantly, a number of Sarasin employees, many from the charities team, have experience of chairing and sitting on investment committees, so this is something we can consider from all angles.

We should caveat what follows with the comment that one size doesn’t fit all. Investment committees have different requirements and are made up of individuals with varying levels of investment knowledge. While most charities employ one investment manager and operate without a paid or professional consultant, some employ two managers and a few employ more than ten. Charities need a system that matches their requirements. However, there are common features that form the basis of a successful relationship.

Regular reports

The quarterly reporting cycle forms the basis of most relationships and a ‘good’ report should mean that formal quarterly meetings are unnecessary. Many charities seek accounting data on a monthly basis or more often: it is unusual for key portfolio material not to be instantly accessible and downloaded online. But what should a ‘good’ quarterly report include?

  •  A summary page that sets out the key features clearly: value, high-level asset allocation, recent and longer-term performance (net of costs and compared to the agreed primary benchmark).
  • Performance detail: how individual asset classes have performed, attribution (which sectors/stocks had the greatest impact), longer-term analysis possibly against additional metrics (inflation, peer groups).
  • Activity: key purchases and sales, money in/out of portfolio.
  • Active positioning likely to impact future performance (for example: geographic, industry, themes, currency, bond duration).
  • ESG factors: an overview of the ‘quality’ of the portfolio and commentary around recent governance and policy activities.
  • Commentary: recent performance, current positioning and outlook, including client-specific material. Where managers’ own funds are used, we would expect to see the underlying stocks and factors influencing performance, not just the funds themselves. Funds can make things opaque, both from a performance and ethical standpoint, but modern technology has allowed the best managers to overcome these transparency problems.

Most managers understand the value of investing in a high-quality generic report, with optionality that allows tailoring to meet the most common ‘minority’ requests. The time spent creating entirely bespoke reports is time not spent thinking about investment and this isn’t good for either the client or the manager. While most managers will try to meet a client’s demands, a good manager will occasionally push back if they feel a request is likely to add no value. Equally, a manager should be attuned to the number of requests for bespoke work; too many regular requests probably indicate that the material is deficient and needs upgrading.

Occasional papers and reports

In addition to regular reporting, we would expect a good manager to be proactive, suggesting occasional additional reviews of bespoke topics such as

  •         Income forecasts
  •         Longer-term performance analysis
  •         Capital-only performance analysis
  •         A deep dive into a sector or asset class
  •         Strategic asset allocation
  •         The merits of deploying currency hedging

This material might form the basis of an ad-hoc meeting or be built into the regular agenda.

Meetings: regularity, content and length

If all of the above is provided in a timely and clear manner, there should be little need for quarterly meetings: charity investment is typically long term and better managers will stick to their convictions, with resulting lower turnover. While there will be moments when unexpected events and a change in view require one to be nimble, most of the time, there should be little change between quarters. Indeed, one should probably be concerned if a manager has substantially different views each quarter.

During normal times this probably means two formal and well-prepared meetings, of 30 to 90 minutes long. This should allow a thorough two-way review of activity, performance and outlook. The precise length will almost certainly be driven by the degree to which trustees and investment managers want to dig into the detail, be it on past performance, specific stock positions, views of the future expressed by their investment managers or indeed changes in the charity’s circumstances. Many of our clients choose to have one longer, more detailed meeting, and one shorter, sharper progress report.

Meetings often work better if some or all of the papers are available before the meeting. We would also expect valuations and client-specific portfolio and performance data to be supplemented with an up-to-date strategy pack. While this presentation may appear rather generic, it is likely to form a key part of client meetings and is often where some bespoke work can make a significant difference to a relationship. Specifically, the level of detail required to convey a message and generate confidence will vary hugely between different trustees.

Reporting is also in the ‘telling’: an experienced investment manager will understand and have the skills to ensure that everyone feels comfortable and well-informed after a meeting. Charity managers report to a wider range of investment experience than any other client group. The ability to convey complex messages simply, while not talking down to anyone, is mission-critical.

Formal meetings might well be supplemented by two or three informal catch-ups between key individuals from both sides, historically by phone but these days, virtually. There will always be trustees, executives and consultants who the other trustees expect to have a deeper level of understanding and more regular contact: it is often better to cover deep dives into the portfolio and strategy outside the regular agenda, so those with more questions are looked after, while allowing wider trustee meetings with packed agendas to keep to time.

The “don’ts”

Are there any obvious pitfalls and bad practices to avoid?

  • One or two 15-20-minute meetings per annum. While one short report can work well (perhaps an overview to a wider governing body) we have seen clients try to cover all investment matters in a 15-minute session, which is almost certainly not enough time to perform proper due diligence.
  • Four identical meetings a year: probably too many and if four are agreed, why not work through a rolling agenda covering different asset classes or time horizons?
  • Expecting new attendees, often seeing papers for the first time, to add value immediately. An excellent reason for a pre-meeting is to bring a new trustee up to speed with a manager’s approach and the charity’s investment strategy. This can also be an opportunity for other trustees to have a strategy refresher, without crowding out other items at a full trustee meeting.
  • From the investment manager’s perspective, most ‘crimes’ revolve around a lack of transparency, over-complication and weak communication skills. By appointing an investment manager, clients expect a combination of strong investment skills, experience and empathy. This should result in everything being delivered in a manner that everyone can quickly grasp. This might come hand-in-hand with some extra-curricular investment training.
  • Point scoring, back-seat driving and 20:20 hindsight: these are mostly the classic ‘failings’ of current and retired investment managers sitting on investment committees! Mostly, the professional on an investment committee is a fantastic addition, ensuring managers are held to account and everyone around the table is on the same page. Effectively, the professional is a free investment consultant, on your side of the table, with no hidden agenda. However, on occasion, the relationship can become testy and confrontational, which doesn’t help anyone. Members of the charity team at Sarasin who sit on investment committees constantly remind themselves that while they might not agree with what their charity’s investment manager is saying, markets will only dictate who is right in the future. Seeking out inconsistencies and helping the other trustees understand the consequences of a manager’s actions is one thing. Picking holes in legitimately different opinions rarely helps matters.

Final thoughts

Both written reports and in-person meetings are critical to the success of any trustee/manager relationship. Trustees are likely to benefit from asking to see examples of reporting packages (not just the formal quarterly reports) prior to a new appointment. This is also an area where taking references from a manager’s current clients will help differentiate between them and underlines the value of seeking independent proof of the service element during any review process.

Ultimately, the scale and complexity of the investment portfolio, the background of trustees and the importance of the investment portfolio in the context of each charity’s operations vary hugely and there is no single right way of managing reporting and meetings. However, our recommendations are consistent with our experience as both trustees and investment managers, and we believe trustees will be well served by taking them into account.

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This website uses cookies. A cookie is a small file of letters and numbers that we put on your electronic device which is essential for the website to function properly and which help to provide you with a better online experience. These cookies cannot be switched off and do not store any of your information. We also use non-essential cookies which you can consent to or reject via the cookie consent tool on our website. By continuing to access this website, you agree to these warnings and important information.

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What you should know about the site’s content
The information on this website has been obtained from sources that Sarasin believe to be reliable and accurate at the date of publication, but no warranty of accuracy is given. We are not responsible for the accuracy of information contained within sites provided by third parties, which may have links to or from our pages. Any opinions expressed are our judgement at the time of writing and are subject to change without notice. By proceeding you agree to the exclusion by Sarasin of any liability in respect of any errors or omissions by Sarasin and any other relevant third parties.

The information on this website does not in any way constitute investment, tax, legal or any other form of advice or recommendation that a product or investment is suitable for you or your circumstances. If you are unsure as to whether the investments described in this site are suitable for you should seek professional advice from a professional adviser.

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What you should know about the site’s content

This website should not be regarded as an offer or solicitation to conduct investment business in any jurisdiction other than the UK. The information on this website is provided on the condition that it will not form the basis for any investment decision by the recipient or clients that the recipient may be representing or acting for.

The information on this website has been obtained from sources that Sarasin believe to be reliable and accurate at the date of publication, but no warranty of accuracy is given. We are not responsible for the accuracy of information contained within sites provided by third parties, which may have links to or from our pages. Any opinions expressed are our judgement at the time of writing and are subject to change without notice. By proceeding you agree to the exclusion by Sarasin of any liability in respect of any errors or omissions by Sarasin and any other relevant third parties.

The information on this website does not in any way constitute investment, tax, legal or any other form of advice or recommendation that a product or investment is suitable for you or your circumstances. If you are unsure as to whether the investments described in this site are suitable for you should seek professional advice from a professional adviser.

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This website uses cookies. A cookie is a small file of letters and numbers that we put on your electronic device which is essential for the website to function properly and which help to provide you with a better online experience. These cookies cannot be switched off and do not store any of your information. We also use non-essential cookies which you can consent to or reject via the cookie consent tool on our website. By continuing to access this website, you agree to these warnings and important information.

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What you should know about the site’s content

This website should not be regarded as an offer or solicitation to conduct investment business in any jurisdiction other than the UK. The information on this website is provided on the condition that it will not form the basis for any investment decision by the recipient or clients that the recipient may be representing or acting for.

The information on this website has been obtained from sources that Sarasin believe to be reliable and accurate at the date of publication, but no warranty of accuracy is given. We are not responsible for the accuracy of information contained within sites provided by third parties, which may have links to or from our pages. Any opinions expressed are our judgement at the time of writing and are subject to change without notice. By proceeding you agree to the exclusion by Sarasin of any liability in respect of any errors or omissions by Sarasin and any other relevant third parties.

The information on this website does not in any way constitute investment, tax, legal or any other form of advice or recommendation that a product or investment is suitable for you or your circumstances. If you are unsure as to whether the investments described in this site are suitable for you should seek professional advice from a professional adviser.

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The contents of this website have been approved for issue in the UK by Sarasin & Partners LLP (‘Sarasin’), which is regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Under no circumstances should this information or any part of it be copied, reproduced or redistributed.

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It is not for distribution outside the UK and should not be relied upon by retail investors.

If you do not meet the above criteria, you must leave this site immediately and you accept Sarasin will not be liable in any way whatsoever for your use of this website or the information contained within if you choose to proceed.

What you should know about the site’s content

This website should not be regarded as an offer or solicitation to conduct investment business in any jurisdiction other than the UK. The information on this website is provided on the condition that it will not form the basis for any investment decision by the recipient or clients that the recipient may be representing or acting for.

The information on this website has been obtained from sources that Sarasin believe to be reliable and accurate at the date of publication, but no warranty of accuracy is given. We are not responsible for the accuracy of information contained within sites provided by third parties, which may have links to or from our pages. Any opinions expressed are our judgement at the time of writing and are subject to change without notice. By proceeding you agree to the exclusion by Sarasin of any liability in respect of any errors or omissions by Sarasin and any other relevant third parties.

The information on this website does not in any way constitute investment, tax, legal or any other form of advice or recommendation that a product or investment is suitable for you or your circumstances. If you are unsure as to whether the investments described in this site are suitable for you should seek professional advice from a professional adviser.

Cookies and other policies

This website uses cookies. A cookie is a small file of letters and numbers that we put on your electronic device which is essential for the website to function properly and which help to provide you with a better online experience. These cookies cannot be switched off and do not store any of your information. We also use non-essential cookies which you can consent to or reject via the cookie consent tool on our website. By continuing to access this website, you agree to these warnings and important information.

Please make sure you have also read our Legal Information, Important Information and Privacy Policies which apply to your use of this website. To access these, please click on the links at the footer of the home page.

It is important that you read this information before proceeding, as it explains certain legal and regulatory restrictions applicable to the use of this website.

By clicking the ‘Accept’ button you acknowledge that the information below has been brought to your attention.

The contents of this website have been approved for issue in the UK by Sarasin & Partners LLP (‘Sarasin’), which is regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Under no circumstances should this information or any part of it be copied, reproduced or redistributed.

Who can use this site

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It is not for distribution outside the UK and should not be relied upon by retail investors.

If you do not meet the above criteria, you must leave this site immediately and you accept Sarasin will not be liable in any way whatsoever for your use of this website or the information contained within if you choose to proceed.

What you should know about the site’s content

This website should not be regarded as an offer or solicitation to conduct investment business in any jurisdiction other than the UK. The information on this website is provided on the condition that it will not form the basis for any investment decision by the recipient or clients that the recipient may be representing or acting for.

The information on this website has been obtained from sources that Sarasin believe to be reliable and accurate at the date of publication, but no warranty of accuracy is given. We are not responsible for the accuracy of information contained within sites provided by third parties, which may have links to or from our pages. Any opinions expressed are our judgement at the time of writing and are subject to change without notice. By proceeding you agree to the exclusion by Sarasin of any liability in respect of any errors or omissions by Sarasin and any other relevant third parties.

The information on this website does not in any way constitute investment, tax, legal or any other form of advice or recommendation that a product or investment is suitable for you or your circumstances. If you are unsure as to whether the investments described in this site are suitable for you should seek professional advice from a professional adviser.

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This website uses cookies. A cookie is a small file of letters and numbers that we put on your electronic device which is essential for the website to function properly and which help to provide you with a better online experience. These cookies cannot be switched off and do not store any of your information. We also use non-essential cookies which you can consent to or reject via the cookie consent tool on our website. By continuing to access this website, you agree to these warnings and important information.

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What you should know about the site’s content

This website should not be regarded as an offer or solicitation to conduct investment business in any jurisdiction other than US persons. The information on this website is provided on the condition that it will not form the basis for any investment decision by the recipient or clients that the recipient may be representing or acting for.

The information on this website has been obtained from sources that Sarasin believe to be reliable and accurate at the date of publication, but no warranty of accuracy is given. We are not responsible for the accuracy of information contained within sites provided by third parties, which may have links to or from our pages. Any opinions expressed are our judgement at the time of writing and are subject to change without notice. By proceeding you agree to the exclusion by Sarasin of any liability in respect of any errors or omissions by Sarasin and any other relevant third parties.

The information on this website does not in any way constitute investment, tax, legal or any other form of advice or recommendation that a product or investment is suitable for you or your circumstances. If you are unsure as to whether the investments described in this site are suitable for you should seek professional advice from a professional adviser.

Cookies and other policies

This website uses cookies. A cookie is a small file of letters and numbers that we put on your electronic device which is essential for the website to function properly and which help to provide you with a better online experience. These cookies cannot be switched off and do not store any of your information. We also use non-essential cookies which you can consent to or reject via the cookie consent tool on our website. By continuing to access this website, you agree to these warnings and important information.

Please make sure you have also read our Legal Information, Important Information and Privacy Policies which apply to your use of this website. To access these, please click on the links at the footer of the home page.

It is important that you read this information before proceeding, as it explains certain legal and regulatory restrictions applicable to the use of this website.

By clicking the ‘Accept’ button you acknowledge that the information below has been brought to your attention.

The contents of this website have been approved for issue to US persons by Sarasin & Partners LLP (‘Sarasin’), which is regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Under no circumstances should this information or any part of it be copied, reproduced or redistributed.

Who can use this site

This information on this website is only for US persons who are:

professional investors;

our product distributor partners; or

regulated professional intermediaries.

It is not for distribution to non-US persons and should not be relied upon by retail investors.

If you do not meet the above criteria, you must leave this site immediately and you accept Sarasin will not be liable in any way whatsoever for your use of this website or the information contained within if you choose to proceed.

What you should know about the site’s content

This website should not be regarded as an offer or solicitation to conduct investment business in any jurisdiction other than US persons. The information on this website is provided on the condition that it will not form the basis for any investment decision by the recipient or clients that the recipient may be representing or acting for.

The information on this website has been obtained from sources that Sarasin believe to be reliable and accurate at the date of publication, but no warranty of accuracy is given. We are not responsible for the accuracy of information contained within sites provided by third parties, which may have links to or from our pages. Any opinions expressed are our judgement at the time of writing and are subject to change without notice. By proceeding you agree to the exclusion by Sarasin of any liability in respect of any errors or omissions by Sarasin and any other relevant third parties.

The information on this website does not in any way constitute investment, tax, legal or any other form of advice or recommendation that a product or investment is suitable for you or your circumstances. If you are unsure as to whether the investments described in this site are suitable for you should seek professional advice from a professional adviser.

Cookies and other policies

This website uses cookies. A cookie is a small file of letters and numbers that we put on your electronic device which is essential for the website to function properly and which help to provide you with a better online experience. These cookies cannot be switched off and do not store any of your information. We also use non-essential cookies which you can consent to or reject via the cookie consent tool on our website. By continuing to access this website, you agree to these warnings and important information.

Please make sure you have also read our Legal Information, Important Information and Privacy Policies which apply to your use of this website. To access these, please click on the links at the footer of the home page.

It is important that you read this information before proceeding, as it explains certain legal and regulatory restrictions applicable to the use of this website.

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It is not for distribution outside South Africa and should not be relied upon by retail investors.

If you do not meet the above criteria, you must leave this site immediately and you accept Sarasin will not be liable in any way whatsoever for your use of this website or the information contained within if you choose to proceed.

What you should know about the site’s content

This website should not be regarded as an offer or solicitation to conduct investment business in any jurisdiction other than South Africa. The information on this website is provided on the condition that it will not form the basis for any investment decision by the recipient or clients that the recipient may be representing or acting for.

The information on this website has been obtained from sources that Sarasin believe to be reliable and accurate at the date of publication, but no warranty of accuracy is given. We are not responsible for the accuracy of information contained within sites provided by third parties, which may have links to or from our pages. Any opinions expressed are our judgement at the time of writing and are subject to change without notice. By proceeding you agree to the exclusion by Sarasin of any liability in respect of any errors or omissions by Sarasin and any other relevant third parties.

The information on this website does not in any way constitute investment, tax, legal or any other form of advice or recommendation that a product or investment is suitable for you or your circumstances. If you are unsure as to whether the investments described in this site are suitable for you should seek professional advice from a professional adviser.

Cookies and other policies

This website uses cookies. A cookie is a small file of letters and numbers that we put on your electronic device which is essential for the website to function properly and which help to provide you with a better online experience. These cookies cannot be switched off and do not store any of your information. We also use non-essential cookies which you can consent to or reject via the cookie consent tool on our website. By continuing to access this website, you agree to these warnings and important information.

Please make sure you have also read our Legal Information, Important Information and Privacy Policies which apply to your use of this website. To access these, please click on the links at the footer of the home page.

It is important that you read this information before proceeding, as it explains certain legal and regulatory restrictions applicable to the use of this website.

By clicking the ‘Accept’ button you acknowledge that the information below has been brought to your attention.

The contents of this website have been approved for issue in South Africa by Sarasin & Partners LLP (‘Sarasin’), which is regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Under no circumstances should this information or any part of it be copied, reproduced or redistributed.

Who can use this site

This information on this website is only for South Africa residents who are:

professional investors;

our product distributor partners; or

regulated professional intermediaries.

It is not for distribution outside South Africa and should not be relied upon by retail investors.

If you do not meet the above criteria, you must leave this site immediately and you accept Sarasin will not be liable in any way whatsoever for your use of this website or the information contained within if you choose to proceed.

What you should know about the site’s content

This website should not be regarded as an offer or solicitation to conduct investment business in any jurisdiction other than South Africa.

The information on this website has been obtained from sources that Sarasin believe to be reliable and accurate at the date of publication, but no warranty of accuracy is given. We are not responsible for the accuracy of information contained within sites provided by third parties, which may have links to or from our pages. Any opinions expressed are our judgement at the time of writing and are subject to change without notice. By proceeding you agree to the exclusion by Sarasin of any liability in respect of any errors or omissions by Sarasin and any other relevant third parties.

The information on this website does not in any way constitute investment, tax, legal or any other form of advice or recommendation that a product or investment is suitable for you or your circumstances. If you are unsure as to whether the investments described in this site are suitable for you should seek professional advice from a professional adviser.

Cookies and other policies

This website uses cookies. A cookie is a small file of letters and numbers that we put on your electronic device which is essential for the website to function properly and which help to provide you with a better online experience. These cookies cannot be switched off and do not store any of your information. We also use non-essential cookies which you can consent to or reject via the cookie consent tool on our website. By continuing to access this website, you agree to these warnings and important information.

Please make sure you have also read our Legal Information, Important Information and Privacy Policies which apply to your use of this website. To access these, please click on the links at the footer of the home page.

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